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- BOOKS, Page 62Battling the Myths and Dogma
-
-
- By Paul Gray
-
-
- FROM BEIRUT TO JERUSALEM
- by Thomas L. Friedman Farrar;
- Straus & Giroux; 525 pages; $22.95
-
- Ten years as a journalist in Lebanon and Israel taught
- Thomas L. Friedman two important lessons. "First, when it comes
- to discussing the Middle East, people go temporarily insane, so
- if you are planning to talk to an audience of more than two,
- you'd better have mastered the subject. Second, a Jew who wants
- to make a career working in or studying about the Middle East
- will always be a lonely man: he will never be fully accepted or
- trusted by the Arabs, and he will never be fully accepted or
- trusted by the Jews."
-
- That last clause will raise some eyebrows and hackles, but
- Friedman, who has mastered his subject, fully documents its
- accuracy. During most of the 1980s he covered the Middle East
- for the New York Times, initially as bureau chief in Beirut and
- then in the same post in Jerusalem. In Lebanon, Friedman was
- "the only full-time American Jewish reporter." In Israel he was
- not. Solitude had its comforts, he found. "People assumed that
- if you were in Beirut you couldn't possibly be Jewish," he
- writes. "After all, what Jew in his right mind would come to
- Beirut?" But members of his faith knew what Friedman was, and
- some were quick to interpret fact finding as heresy or treason.
- Why? The author answers, "I had helped to inform the Jews of New
- York City of the less-than-heroic behavior of the Israeli army
- in Lebanon, the Sabra and Shatila massacre and other unsettling
- stories."
-
- Other readers placed a different value on Friedman's
- dispatches. His reporting from Lebanon won him a Pulitzer
- Prize, and his subsequent work in Israel won him another.
- Friedman, 36, is the Times's chief diplomatic correspondent in
- Washington. Freed from daily deadlines, he can look back on a
- period punctuated by excitement and narrow escapes. He had not
- been in Beirut long before the apartment house in which he was
- living was destroyed by a bomb; near the end of his stay in
- Jerusalem, as he was being driven to a farewell lunch by his
- wife, his car windshield was shattered by a thrown rock. Such
- experiences add dizzying moments to Friedman's crowded,
- fascinating memoir.
-
- Among its many virtues, From Beirut to Jerusalem shows why
- messengers from the Middle East who try to remain impartial
- will find many factions eager to throttle them. The place lives
- and dies on faith and mythology; a mere fact is useless,
- possibly dangerous, until it has been modified to fit within a
- dogma. Most of the region's bloodiest episodes during the '80s,
- the author argues, arose from failures to recognize complex
- realities.
-
- To say that powerful people in the Middle East sometimes
- behave irrationally is to flirt with the obvious. But Friedman
- buttresses this familiar thesis with fresh, arresting details.
- He chronicles the mounting debacle of Israel's 1982 invasion of
- Lebanon, which began with the announced goal of ending the safe
- haven enjoyed by Yasser Arafat and his Palestine Liberation
- Organization troops. In this Israel succeeded. That was almost
- easy, since a lot of Lebanese also wanted to get rid of the
- P.L.O. The Israeli soldiers were welcomed as saviors:
- "Everywhere you went in Lebanon, Jews were getting their
- pictures taken. This was not a nation at war, it was a nation
- on tour."
-
- But the welcome quickly ran out. Friedman maintains that
- Israel's hidden agenda -- wiping out Palestinian agitation once
- and for all and playing midwife to a friendly or at least
- neutral government in Lebanon -- was the stuff of fantasy. The
- dispersal of their leadership would not stifle Palestinians'
- aspirations; and there was no force in splintered Lebanon
- capable of uniting the country.
-
- Friedman was also on hand at the birth of the intifadeh,
- the stone-throwing rebellion by young Palestinians living in
- the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Here was David
- vs. Goliath with a vengeance, shown nightly throughout much of
- the world on the evening news. But Friedman argues that the myth
- -- stones triumphing over might -- threatens to bury reality.
- Israel will not be brought down by slingshots; tanks and troops
- will not quash resentments. If anything is to be accomplished,
- a photogenic revolution must give way to hard bargaining.
-
- Those who believe in the power of reason to solve disputes
- will find From Beirut to Jerusalem glum reading. Oddly enough,
- Friedman remains optimistic. Amid all the shambles and
- contradictions of the Middle East, he met and worked beside Jews
- and Arabs who passionately want to live together in peace. Their
- will may be thwarted, by habit or history, but no one who reads
- this book can resist rooting for their success.
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